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Calicheamicins

Based on wide platforms and enriched experience in pharmaceuticals researches, Creative Biolabs can perform different strategies to produce ADCs using calicheamicins or calicheamicin derivatives for antibody-targeted therapy. 

Calicheamicins Figure: The structure of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Curr Opin Pharmacol, 2003)

Calicheamicins are a family of molecules with similar structure that binds to the minor grove of DNA in a relatively sequence-specific manner. They are produced by prokaryotic microorganisms and contain enediyne moiety, which is structurally similar to other enediynes such as esperamicins, neocarzinostatin, kedarcidin, etc. After reduction by cellular thiols, the enediyne moiety of calicheamicins begins to rearrange to form a 1, 4-benzenoid diradical that abstracts hydrogens from the phosphodiester backbone of DNA, initiating double-strand scission. Since it is difficult to repair double-strand DNA breaks, the DNA damage will result in cellular apoptosis and death. Gamma calicheamicin is a major representative. In vitro, calicheamicin γ1 induces DNA double-strand break (DSB). The efficient DSB induction is based on that calicheamicin γ1 has two radical centers being close to the backbone when calicheamicin γ1 binds to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA. Among various calicheamicins, calicheamicin γ1I is the most widely studied. It contains an aglycon consisting of bicycle tridec-9-ene-2, 6-diyne system with a labile methyl trisulfide grouping and an aryltetrasaccharide chain. Calicheamicin γ1I, along with other iodinated and bromine-containing (α2I, α3I, β1I, δ1I, β1Br, γ1Br) analogs can be obtained from M. echinospora ssp. calichensis fermentation broth with different composition. In gemtuzumab ozogamicin (shown in the figure), one of the ADCs approved by FDA, N-acetyl gamma calicheamicin dimethyl hydrazide, a derivative of gamma calicheamicin, a methyl trisulfide, is used as the cytotoxic agent to conjugate with a humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is an active therapeutic agent and has been proved to be efficient in some AML patients.  Additionally, calicheamicins are relatively small molecules combined with high potency, which make them the good candidates in ADC development.

Categories of ADC payloads that Creative Biolabs provides:

  1. Toxins targeting tubulin filaments: Maytansinoids, Auristatins, Taxoids, etc.
  2. Toxins targeting DNA: Calicheamicins, CC-1065 analogs, Duocarmycins, etc.
  3. Toxins targeting RNA: Amatoxins, etc.
  4. Nanocarriers 
  5. Protein toxins
  6. Enzymes

References

  1. Nitin K Damle and Philip Frost. Antibody-targeted chemotherapy with immunoconjugates of calicheamicin. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2003 Aug; 3(4):386-90.
  2. Kecke Elmroth, et al. Cleavage of cellular DNA by calicheamicin gamma1. DNA Repair (Amst). 2003 Apr 2; 2(4):363-74.

For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.

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