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CXCL12

This antimicrobial gene encodes a stromal cell-derived alpha chemokine member of the intercrine family. The encoded protein functions as the ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4, and plays a role in many diverse cellular functions, including embryogenesis, immune surveillance, inflammation response, tissue homeostasis, and tumor growth and metastasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Predicted location

Secreted

Single cell type specificity

Cell type enhanced (Fibroblasts, Adipocytes, Kupffer cells, Distal tubular cells, Smooth muscle cells)

Immune cell specificity

Not detected in immune cells

Cell line specificity

Cell line enhanced (ASC diff, BJ hTERT+, BJ hTERT+ SV40 Large T+, BJ hTERT+ SV40 Large T+ RasG12V, fHDF/TERT166, HSkMC)

Interaction

Monomer or homodimer; in equilibrium. Dimer formation is induced by non acidic pH and the presence of multivalent anions, and by binding to CXCR4 or heparin. Monomeric form is required for full chemotactic activity and resistance to ischemia/reperfusion injury, whereas the dimeric form acts as a partial agonist of CXCR4, stimulating Ca2+ mobilization but with no chemotactic activity and instead acts as a selective antagonist that blocks chemotaxis induced by the monomeric form. Interacts with the N-terminus of ACKR3. Interacts with integrin subunit ITGB3 (via the allosteric site (site 2)) (PubMed:29301984). Interacts with TNFAIP6 (via Link domain). (Microbial infection) Interacts with molluscum contagiosum virus protein MC148.

Molecular function

Cytokine, Growth factor

More Types Infomation

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