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FANCD2

The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group D2. This protein is monoubiquinated in response to DNA damage, resulting in its localization to nuclear foci with other proteins (BRCA1 AND BRCA2) involved in homology-directed DNA repair. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Protein class

Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Human disease related genes

Predicted location

Intracellular

Single cell type specificity

Cell type enhanced (Spermatocytes, Spermatogonia, Erythroid cells)

Immune cell specificity

Low immune cell specificity

Cell line specificity

Cell line enhanced (BEWO)

Interaction

Interacts directly with FANCE and FANCI. Interacts with USP1 and MEN1. The ubiquitinated form specifically interacts with BRCA1 and BLM. Both the nonubiquitinated and the monoubiquitinated forms interact with BRCA2; this interaction is mediated by phosphorylated FANCG and the complex also includes XCCR3. The ubiquitinated form specifically interacts with MTMR15/FAN1 (via UBZ-type zinc finger), leading to recruit MTMR15/FAN1 to sites of DNA damage. Interacts with DCLRE1B/Apollo (PubMed:11239454, PubMed:12093742, PubMed:12649160, PubMed:12874027, PubMed:15115758, PubMed:15199141, PubMed:15257300, PubMed:15694335, PubMed:17412408, PubMed:17460694, PubMed:18212739, PubMed:18469862, PubMed:20603015, PubMed:20603016, PubMed:20603073). Interacts with POLN (PubMed:19995904). Interacts with UHRF1 and UHRF2; these interactions promote FANCD2 activation (PubMed:30335751).

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