PTH1R

Parathyroid hormone / parathyroidhormone-related peptide receptor, also known as PTH / PTHrP type I receptor,PTH/PTHr receptor, Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor, PTH1 receptor, PTH1R andPTHR, is a multi-pass membrane protein which belongs to the G-proteincoupled receptor 2 family. PTH1R is expressed in most tissues. It is mostabundant in kidney, bone and liver. PTH1R is expressed in high levels in boneand kidney and regulates calcium ion homeostasis through activation ofadenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. In bone, PTH1R is expressed on thesurface of osteoblasts. When the receptor is activated, these cells in turnstimulate osteoclasts to ultimately increase the resorption rate. PTH1R is areceptor for parathyroid hormone and for parathyroid hormone-related peptide.The activity of PTH1R is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclaseand also a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Defects inPTH1R are the cause of Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC), chondrodysplasiaBlomstrand type (BOCD), enchondromatosis multiple (ENCHOM), Eiken skeletaldysplasia (EISD) and primary failure of tooth eruption (PFE).