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RAF1

This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Protein class

Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Enzymes, FDA approved drug targets, Human disease related genes, Metabolic proteins, RAS pathway related proteins

Predicted location

Intracellular

Single cell type specificity

Low cell type specificity

Immune cell specificity

Immune cell enhanced (neutrophil)

Cell line specificity

Low cell line specificity

Interaction

Monomer. Homodimer. Heterodimerizes with BRAF and this heterodimer possesses a highly increased kinase activity compared to the respective homodimers or monomers (PubMed:16508002). Heterodimerization is mitogen-regulated and enhanced by 14-3-3 proteins (PubMed:16508002). MAPK1/ERK2 activation can induce a negative feedback that promotes the dissociation of the heterodimer (PubMed:16508002). Forms a multiprotein complex with Ras (M-Ras/MRAS), SHOC2 and protein phosphatase 1 (PPP1CA, PPP1CB and PPP1CC) (PubMed:16630891). Interacts with LZTR1 (PubMed:30368668). Interacts with Ras proteins; the interaction is antagonized by RIN1 (PubMed:11784866). Weakly interacts with RIT1. Interacts (via N-terminus) with RGS14 (via RBD domains); the interaction mediates the formation of a ternary complex with BRAF, a ternary complex inhibited by GNAI1 (By similarity). Probably forms a complex composed of chaperones HSP90 and HSP70, co-chaperones CDC37, PPP5C, TSC1 and client protein TSC2, CDK4, AKT, RAF1 and NR3C1; this complex does not contain co-chaperones STIP1/HOP and PTGES3/p23 (PubMed:29127155). Interacts with STK3/MST2; the interaction inhibits its pro-apoptotic activity (PubMed:15618521). Interacts (when phosphorylated at Ser-259) with YWHAZ (unphosphorylated at 'Thr-232') (PubMed:9360956, PubMed:31024343). Interacts with MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2 (By similarity). Interacts with MAP3K5/ASF1 (via N-terminus) and this interaction inhibits the proapoptotic function of MAP3K5/ASK1 (PubMed:11427728). Interacts with PAK1 (via kinase domain) (PubMed:11733498). The phosphorylated form interacts with PIN1 (By similarity). The Ser-338 and Ser-339 phosphorylated form (by PAK1) interacts with BCL2 (PubMed:15849194). Interacts with PEBP1/RKIP and this interaction is enhanced if RAF1 is phosphorylated on residues Ser-338, Ser-339, Tyr-340 and Tyr-341 (PubMed:18294816). Interacts with ADCY2, ADCY5, ADCY6, DGKH, RCAN1/DSCR1, PPP1R12A, PKB/AKT1, PPP2CA, PPP2R1B, SPRY2, SPRY4, CNKSR1/CNK1, KSR2 and PHB/prohibitin (PubMed:10801873, PubMed:11719507, PubMed:12717443, PubMed:15385642, PubMed:15935327, PubMed:19710016, PubMed:10576742). Interacts with ROCK2 (By similarity). In its active form, interacts with PRMT5 (PubMed:21917714). Interacts with FAM83B; displaces 14-3-3 proteins from RAF1 and activates RAF1 (PubMed:22886302). Interacts with PDE8A; the interaction promotes RAF1 activity (PubMed:23509299). Interacts with MFHAS1 (PubMed:23327923). Interacts with GLS (PubMed:22538822). Interacts with NEK10 and MAP2K1; the interaction is direct with NEK10 and required for ERK1/2-signaling pathway activation in response to UV irradiation (PubMed:20956560).

Molecular function

Kinase, Serine/threonine-protein kinase, Transferase

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