Mouse Anti-AKT1 Recombinant Antibody (VS3-CJ59) (CAT#: VS3-CJ59)

• Immunogen
• Recombinant fragment of human AKT1 (C-terminus)

• Host Species
• Mouse

• Type
• Mouse IgG

• Specificity
• Human AKT1

• Species Reactivity
• Human

• Applications
• WB, ELISA

• Conjugate
• Unconjugated

• Purification
• Protein G affinity purified

• Purity
• >95% as determined by SDS-PAGE

• Format
• Liquid

• Concentration
• 1 mg/mL (lot specific)

• Buffer
• 50% Glycerol, 1% BSA, PBS, pH7.4.

• Preservative
• 0.02% sodium azide

• Storage
• Store at 4°C for short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C for long term. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

• Shipping
• Ice packs

• Application Notes
• This antibody has been tested for use in ELISA (1:5000-1:20000), Western Blot (1:100-1:2000).

• Alternative Names
• AKT; PKB; PKB-ALPHA; PRKBA; RAC; RAC-ALPHA

• Gene ID
• 207

• UniProt ID
• P31749

• Sequence Similarities
• Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAC subfamily.

• Cellular Localization
• Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Membrane, Nucleus

• Post Translation Modifications
• O-GlcNAcylation at Thr-305 and Thr-312 inhibits activating phosphorylation at Thr-308 via disrupting the interaction between AKT1 and PDPK1. O-GlcNAcylation at Ser-473 also probably interferes with phosphorylation at this site.
  Phosphorylation on Thr-308, Ser-473 and Tyr-474 is required for full activity (PubMed:12149249, PubMed:14761976, PubMed:15047712, PubMed:16266983, PubMed:17013611, PubMed:20978158, PubMed:9736715, PubMed:23799035, PubMed:8978681, PubMed:28147277).
  Activated TNK2 phosphorylates it on Tyr-176 resulting in its binding to the anionic plasma membrane phospholipid PA (PubMed:20333297).
  This phosphorylated form localizes to the cell membrane, where it is targeted by PDPK1 and PDPK2 for further phosphorylations on Thr-308 and Ser-473 leading to its activation (PubMed:9512493).
  Ser-473 phosphorylation by mTORC2 favors Thr-308 phosphorylation by PDPK1 (PubMed:21464307, PubMed:8978681).
  Phosphorylated at Thr-308 and Ser-473 by IKBKE and TBK1 (PubMed:15718470, PubMed:18456494, PubMed:20481595, PubMed:8978681).
  Ser-473 phosphorylation is enhanced by interaction with AGAP2 isoform 2 (PIKE-A) (PubMed:14761976).
  Ser-473 phosphorylation is enhanced in focal cortical dysplasias with Taylor-type balloon cells (PubMed:17013611).
  Ser-473 phosphorylation is enhanced by signaling through activated FLT3 (By similarity).
  Ser-473 is dephosphorylated by PHLPP (PubMed:28147277).
  Dephosphorylated at Thr-308 and Ser-473 by PP2A phosphatase (PubMed:21329884).
  The phosphorylated form of PPP2R5B is required for bridging AKT1 with PP2A phosphatase (PubMed:21329884).
  Ser-473 is dephosphorylated by CPPED1, leading to termination of signaling (PubMed:9512493).

• Protein Refseq
• NP_001014431.1; NP_001014432.1; NP_005154.2

• Function
• AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis (PubMed:15526160, PubMed:11882383, PubMed:21620960, PubMed:21432781).
  This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates (PubMed:15526160, PubMed:11882383, PubMed:21620960, PubMed:21432781).
  Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported (PubMed:15526160, PubMed:11882383, PubMed:21620960, PubMed:21432781).
  AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface (By similarity).
  Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at 'Ser-50' negatively modulates its phosphatase activity preventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the attenuation of insulin signaling (By similarity).
  Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport (PubMed:11994271).
  AKT regulates also the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at 'Ser-21' and GSK3B at 'Ser-9', resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity (By similarity).
  Phosphorylation of GSK3 isoforms by AKT is also thought to be one mechanism by which cell proliferation is driven (By similarity).
  AKT regulates also cell survival via the phosphorylation of MAP3K5 (apoptosis signal-related kinase) (PubMed:11154276).
  Phosphorylation of 'Ser-83' decreases MAP3K5 kinase activity stimulated by oxidative stress and thereby prevents apoptosis (PubMed:11154276).
  AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating the TORC1 signaling pathway, and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1 (PubMed:12150915).
  Also regulates the TORC1 signaling pathway by catalyzing phosphorylation of CASTOR1 (PubMed:33594058).
  AKT is involved in the phosphorylation of members of the FOXO factors (Forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localization (PubMed:10358075).
  In particular, FOXO1 is phosphorylated at 'Thr-24', 'Ser-256' and 'Ser-319' (PubMed:10358075).
  FOXO3 and FOXO4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites (PubMed:10358075).
  AKT has an important role in the regulation of NF-kappa-B-dependent gene transcription and positively regulates the activity of CREB1 (cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding protein) (PubMed:9829964).

Isotype Control

• MRO-A1591-YJ
• Mouse IgG Isotype control, Polyclonal

Secondary Antibody

• 2ND-040CQ
• Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H&L) Antibody

• 2ND-042CQ
• Rabbit Anti-Mouse IgG (H&L) Antibody

Recommended Dilution Buffer

• MRO-0253YJ
• Reconstitution Buffer PBS