Mouse Anti-GAPDH Recombinant Antibody (VS3-CJ357)
CAT#: VS3-CJ357
This product is a mouse antibody that recognizes GAPDH.
Gene Expression
Subcellular Location
Figure 1 IF staining of human cell line U-251 MG
Immunofluorescent staining of human cell line U-251 MG shows localization to plasma membrane & cytosol.
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/40067/752_B3_1_selected.jpg
Subcellular Location
Figure 2 IF staining of human cell line U-2 OS
Immunofluorescent staining of human cell line U-2 OS shows localization to nuclear membrane, plasma membrane & cytosol.
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/61280/if_selected.jpg
Normal Tissue
Figure 3 IHC staining of human stomach
Immunohistochemical staining of human stomach, lower shows strong nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity in glandular cells.
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/40067/ihc_selected.jpg
Normal Tissue
Figure 4 IHC staining of human skin
Immunohistochemical staining of human skin shows strong nuclear positivity in keratinocytes.
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/61280/169039_B_8_1_selected.jpg
Normal Tissue
Figure 5 IHC staining of human kidney
Immunohistochemical staining of human kidney shows cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity in cells in tubules.
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/5197/ihc_selected.jpg
Normal Tissue
Figure 6 IHC staining of human skeletal muscle
Immunohistochemical staining of human skeletal muscle shows strong nuclear positivity in myocytes.
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/79968/170623_B_3_6_selected.jpg
Subcellular Location
Figure 7 IF staining of human cell line A549
Immunofluorescent staining of human cell line A549 shows localization to plasma membrane & cytosol.
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/40067/1874_F7_61_blue_red_green.jpg
Normal Tissue
Figure 8 Colon
Endothelial cells
Staining: Medium
Intensity: Moderate
Quantity: 75%-25%
Location: Cytoplasmic/membranous
Peripheral nerve/ganglion
Staining: Medium
Intensity: Moderate
Quantity: 75%-25%
Location: Cytoplasmic/membranous
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/61280/169039_A_8_3.jpg
Normal Tissue
Figure 9 Liver
Hepatocytes
Staining: Medium
Intensity: Moderate
Quantity: 75%-25%
Location: Nuclear
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/61280/169039_A_8_4.jpg
Normal Tissue
Figure 10 Kidney
Cells in glomeruli
Staining: Medium
Intensity: Strong
Quantity: <25%
Collecting ducts
Staining: High
Intensity: Strong
Quantity: 75%-25%
Distal tubules
Staining: High
Intensity: Strong
Quantity: 75%-25%
Proximal tubules (cell body)
Staining: High
Intensity: Strong
Quantity: 75%-25%
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/61280/169039_A_7_5.jpg
Normal Tissue
Figure 11 Testis
Cells in seminiferous ducts
Staining: Medium
Intensity: Moderate
Quantity:>75%
Location: Cytoplasmic/membranous
Leydig cells
Staining: Medium
Intensity: Moderate
Quantity:>75%
Location: Cytoplasmic/membranous
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/61280/169039_A_4_6.jpg
Normal Tissue
Figure 12 Lymph node
Non-germinal center cells
Staining: Medium
Intensity: Moderate
Quantity: 75%-25%
Location: Nuclear
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/images/61280/169039_A_7_8.jpg
RNA Expression
Figure 13 RNA cell line category: Low cell line specificity
Cell lines ordered by descending RNA expression order.
* Image credit: Image credit: Human Protein Atlas v21.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000111640-GAPDH
❮
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Specifications
- Immunogen
- KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide encompassing a sequence of human GAPDH
- Host Species
- Mouse
- Specificity
- Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey, Dog, Chicken, Rabbit, Porcine and Sheep GAPDH
- Species Reactivity
- Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey, Dog, Chicken, Rabbit, Porcine, Sheep
- Applications
- WB, IHC
- Conjugate
- Unconjugated
Product Property
- Purity
- >95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
- Format
- Liquid
- Buffer
- 30% Glycerol, 0.2% BSA, 0.87% NaCl, 0.42% Potassium phosphate, pH7.3.
- Preservative
- 0.01% sodium azide
- Storage
- Store at 4°C for short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C for long term. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
- Shipping
- Ice packs
Applications
- Application Notes
- This antibody has been tested for use in Western Blot (1:1000-1:3000), Immunohistochemistry (1:50-1:200).
Target
- Alternative Names
- GAPD; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH; G3PD; HEL-S-162eP; CDABP0047
- Gene ID
- 2597
- UniProt ID
- P04406
- Sequence Similarities
- Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
- Cellular Localization
- Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Membrane, Nucleus
- Post Translation Modifications
- S-nitrosylation of Cys-152 leads to interaction with SIAH1, followed by translocation to the nucleus (By similarity).
S-nitrosylation of Cys-247 is induced by interferon-gamma and LDL(ox) implicating the iNOS-S100A8/9 transnitrosylase complex and seems to prevent interaction with phosphorylated RPL13A and to interfere with GAIT complex activity (PubMed:22771119, PubMed:25417112).
ISGylated.
Sulfhydration at Cys-152 increases catalytic activity.
Oxidative stress can promote the formation of high molecular weight disulfide-linked GAPDH aggregates, through a process called nucleocytoplasmic coagulation. Such aggregates can be observed in vivo in the affected tissues of patients with Alzheimer disease or alcoholic liver cirrhosis, or in cell cultures during necrosis. Oxidation at Met-46 may play a pivotal role in the formation of these insoluble structures. This modification has been detected in vitro following treatment with free radical donor (+/-)-(E)-4-ethyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide. It has been proposed to destabilize nearby residues, increasing the likelihood of secondary oxidative damages, including oxidation of Tyr-45 and Met-105. This cascade of oxidations may augment GAPDH misfolding, leading to intermolecular disulfide cross-linking and aggregation.
Succination of Cys-152 and Cys-247 by the Krebs cycle intermediate fumarate, which leads to S-(2-succinyl)cysteine residues, inhibits glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Fumarate concentration as well as succination of cysteine residues in GAPDH is significantly increased in muscle of diabetic mammals. It was proposed that the S-(2-succinyl)cysteine chemical modification may be a useful biomarker of mitochondrial and oxidative stress in diabetes and that succination of GAPDH and other thiol proteins by fumarate may contribute to the metabolic changes underlying the development of diabetes complications.
(Microbial infection) Glycosylated by C.rodentium protein NleB, enteropathogenic E.coli protein NleB1 and S.typhimurium protein Ssek1: arginine GlcNAcylation prevents the interaction with TRAF2 and TRAF3 (PubMed:23332158, PubMed:27387501, PubMed:28522607).
This leads to reduced ubiquitination of TRAF2 and TRAF3, and subsequent inhibition of NF-kappa-B signaling and type I interferon production, respectively (PubMed:23332158, PubMed:27387501).
- Protein Refseq
- NP_001243728.1; NP_001276674.1; NP_001276675.1
- Function
- Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively (PubMed:3170585, PubMed:11724794).
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate (PubMed:3170585, PubMed:11724794).
Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton (By similarity).
Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules (By similarity).
Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes (PubMed:23071094).
Upon interferon-gamma treatment assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation (PubMed:23071094).
Also plays a role in innate immunity by promoting TNF-induced NF-kappa-B activation and type I interferon production, via interaction with TRAF2 and TRAF3, respectively (PubMed:23332158, PubMed:27387501).
Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis (By similarity).
Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC (By similarity).
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Product Notes
This is a product of Creative Biolabs' Hi-Affi™ recombinant antibody portfolio, which has several benefits including:
• Increased sensitivity
• Confirmed specificity
• High repeatability
• Excellent batch-to-batch consistency
• Sustainable supply
• Animal-free production
See more details about Hi-Affi™ recombinant antibody benefits.
Datasheet
MSDS
COA
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Protocol & Troubleshooting
We have outlined the assay protocols, covering reagents, solutions, procedures, and troubleshooting tips for common issues in order to better assist clients in conducting experiments with our products. View the full list of Protocol & Troubleshooting.
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