Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Src are two non-receptor tyrosine kinases in the realm of cellular signaling, playing critical roles in various biological processes that govern cell behavior. FAK-Src signaling pathway, a central conduit of transducing extracellular signals into intracellular actions, orchestrates a wide array of cellular functions including adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Src are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that, upon activation, form a complex initiating a cascade of signaling events crucial for the dynamic regulation of focal adhesions—specialized sites where cells adhere to the extracellular matrix. The interaction between FAK and Src is not merely structural; it is a functional synergy that amplifies signaling pathways, influencing cell morphology and motility, which are essential for tissue development, wound healing, and immune responses. Moreover, the FAK-Src axis is critically involved in the pathological context, contributing to the progression of various diseases, including cancer, where it promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. By phosphorylating downstream targets, this signaling duo modulates the actin cytoskeleton, leading to changes in cell shape and movement. Furthermore, their role in the regulation of gene expression and cell cycle progression underscores their importance in cellular homeostasis and disease.
Figure 1 Model of FAK signaling upon activation by integrins, growth factor receptors, and/or cytokine receptors. (Chen, 2016)
PTK2, also known as Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a pivotal role in signaling pathways associated with cell migration, proliferation, and survival. It is predominantly located at focal adhesions, which are specialized sites where cells adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and serves as a key mediator in transducing signals from integrins and growth factor receptors to the interior of the cell. This kinase is activated by autophosphorylation at tyrosine 397, which then becomes a binding site for Src family kinases, further propagating signaling cascades that influence gene expression, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. PTK2's role extends to the regulation of cellular architecture and the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, making it instrumental in the process of cell motility and the metastatic spread of cancer cells. Its expression and activity are tightly regulated, and dysregulation has been linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer, where it is often overexpressed and associated with increased invasive and metastatic potential.
Src is a proto-oncogene that encodes a tyrosine kinase protein, and is recognized as a critical component of multiple signaling pathways in both normal and cancerous cells. This kinase functions by phosphorylating tyrosine residues on target proteins, thereby altering their activity and initiating a cascade of downstream effects that influence cell behavior. In normal physiological conditions, Src activity is tightly regulated through phosphorylation at its C-terminal tyrosine residue, which maintains it in an inactive conformation. However, in pathological states such as cancer, Src is often found to be overexpressed or hyperactivated, leading to aberrant cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Beyond oncogenesis, Src plays significant roles in bone metabolism, where it is involved in osteoclast function and bone resorption. Thus, Src represents a critical node in the complex web of cellular signaling, with its dysregulation implicated in a range of diseases, making it a target of interest for therapeutic intervention.
Biomarker | Alternative Names | Gene ID | UniProt ID | Roles |
PTK2 | PTK2; FAK; FAK1; Focal adhesion kinase 1; FADK 1; Focal adhesion kinase-related nonkinase; FRNK; Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 71; PPP1R71; Protein-tyrosine kinase 2; p125FAK; pp125FAK | 5747 | Q05397 | PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2), also known as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PTK2 gene. |
SRC | SRC Proto-Oncogene, Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase; V-Src Avian Sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) Viral Oncogene Homolog; Proto-Oncogene C-Src; EC 2.7.10.2; P60-Src; SRC1; Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Src; Protooncogene SRC, Rous Sarcoma | 396442 | P00523 | This gene is highly similar to the v-src gene of Rous sarcoma virus. This proto-oncogene may play a role in the regulation of embryonic development and cell growth. The protein encoded by this gene is a tyrosine-protein kinase whose activity can be inhibited by phosphorylation by c-SRC kinase. Mutations in this gene could be involved in the malignant progression of colon cancer. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
CAT | Product Name | Biomarker | Assay | Image |
ZG-0442F | Mouse Anti-Src Recombinant Antibody (ZG-0442F) | Src | WB |
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ZG-0443F | Mouse Anti-Src Recombinant Antibody (ZG-0443F) | Src | WB |
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ZG-0329J | Mouse Anti-PTK2 Recombinant Antibody (ZG-0329J) | PTK2 | WB |
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ZG-0330J | Mouse Anti-PTK2 Recombinant Antibody (ZG-0330J) | PTK2 | WB |
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ZG-0331J | Mouse Anti-PTK2 Recombinant Antibody (ZG-0331J) | PTK2 | WB |
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ZG-0332J | Mouse Anti-PTK2 Recombinant Antibody (ZG-0332J) | PTK2 | WB |
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ZG-0100U | Rabbit Anti-PTK2 Recombinant Antibody (clone 3B2) | PTK2 | IHC |
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ZG-0531U | Rabbit Anti-Phospho-PTK2 (Y397) Recombinant Antibody (clone 1B3) | PTK2 | WB |
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ZG-0577U | Rabbit Anti-SRC Recombinant Antibody (clone 21H5) | SRC | WB |
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VS3-FY1221 | Recombinant Rabbit Anti-PTK2 Antibody (clone R08-3C1) | PTK2 | WB |
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VS3-FY1388 | Recombinant Rabbit Anti-SRC (phospho Tyr529) Antibody (clone R03-8H8) | SRC | WB |
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VS3-FY1389 | Recombinant Rabbit Anti-SRC Antibody (clone R05-7H8) | SRC | WB |
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For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.
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