Gastrin

Gastrin is a gastrointestinal hormone secreted by gastric antrum G cells, which has physiological functions such as stimulating gastric acid secretion and promoting gastrointestinal cell proliferation and differentiation. The human gastrin gene is a single-copy gene located in the g region of chromosome 7 and consists of 4.1 kb, which encodes a 101 amino acid peptide-gastrin. In humans, more than 95% of bioactive gastrin is amidated mature gastrin, including macromolecule G-34 and small molecule G-1 7, of which G-1 7 accounts for total gastrin more than 90%. Gastrin secretion levels are affected by a number of factors, including the number of G cells, pH in the stomach, eating (protein is the best stimulator), stimulating the vagus nerve, pulling the stomach antrum, taking acid-suppressing drugs and gastrin-stimulating hormones and so on. Gastrin is closely related to the mechanism of gastro-esohpageal relux disease (GERD). Insufficient secretion of gastrin can lead to LES dysfunction, which in turn increases the risk of GERD. Therefore, if serum gastrin levels are low, GERD can be initially indicated, especially endoscopically positive reflux esophagitis.