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Legionella

The genus Legionella is a pathogenic group of Gram-negative bacteria that includes the species L. pneumophila, causing legionellosis (all illnesses caused by Legionella) including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever. In the natural environment, Legionella lives within amoebae, which transmits via inhalation of water droplets from a contaminated source that has allowed the organism to grow and spread (eg, cooling towers). Once inside a host, the incubation period may be up to two weeks. Prodromal symptoms are flu-like, including fever, chills, and dry cough. Advanced stages of the disease cause problems with the gastrointestinal tract and the nervous system and lead to diarrhea and nausea. Other advanced symptoms of pneumonia may also present. However, the disease is generally not a threat to most healthy individuals, but may lead to severe symptoms more often in immunocompromised hosts and the elderly. Therefore, the water systems of hospitals and nursing homes should be periodically monitored. Legionella species typically exist in nature at low concentrations, in groundwater, lakes, and streams, which reproduce after entering man-made equipment, if given the right environmental conditions.
Legionella

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