Staphylococcus aureus neutral proteinase

Staphylococcus aureus neutral proteinase, also known as Staphylococcus aureus thermolysin-like proteinase, is a secreted metalloproteinase of Staphylococcus aureus. Its primary function is to degrade a wide range of host proteins, including extracellular matrix components (e.g., collagen, fibronectin), immune proteins (e.g., immunoglobulins, complement factors), and pro-inflammatory cytokines. By breaking down these host molecules, the proteinase facilitates bacterial invasion through tissue barriers, evades immune recognition and clearance, and suppresses local inflammation-all of which promote bacterial colonization and spread. It also contributes to the degradation of tissue debris, providing nutrients for bacterial growth. The enzyme's broad substrate specificity and role in multiple virulence processes make it a key factor in severe Staphylococcus aureus infections, such as cellulitis and sepsis. Targeting neutral proteinase, either via protease inhibitors or vaccines that induce neutralizing antibodies, could reduce tissue damage and enhance host immune responses against infections.