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    TOP2A

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    For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.


    Background

    This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This nuclear enzyme is involved in processes such as chromosome condensation, chromatid separation, and the relief of torsional stress that occurs during DNA transcription and replication. It catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of two strands of duplex DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus altering the topology of DNA. Two forms of this enzyme exist as likely products of a gene duplication event. The gene encoding this form, alpha, is localized to chromosome 17 and the beta gene is localized to chromosome 3. The gene encoding this enzyme functions as the target for several anticancer agents and a variety of mutations in this gene have been associated with the development of drug resistance. Reduced activity of this enzyme may also play a role in ataxia-telangiectasia.
    Protein class

    Cancer-related genes, Enzymes, FDA approved drug targets, Plasma proteins

    Predicted location

    Intracellular

    Single cell type specificity

    Cell type enhanced (Spermatocytes, Spermatogonia, Erythroid cells, Granulosa cells)

    Immune cell specificity

    Immune cell enhanced (T-reg)

    Cell line specificity

    Low cell line specificity

    Interaction

    Homodimer. Interacts with COPS5. Interacts with RECQL5; this stimulates DNA decatenation. Interacts with SETMAR; stimulates the topoisomerase activity (PubMed:18790802, PubMed:20457750). Interacts with DHX9; this interaction occurs in a E2 enzyme UBE2I- and RNA-dependent manner, negatively regulates DHX9-mediated double-stranded DNA and RNA duplex helicase activity and stimulates TOP2A-mediated supercoiled DNA relaxation activity (PubMed:12711669). Interacts with HNRNPU (via C-terminus); this interaction protects the topoisomerase TOP2A from degradation and positively regulates the relaxation of supercoiled DNA in a RNA-dependent manner (By similarity). Interacts with MCM3AP isoform GANP (PubMed:23652018). Interacts with ERCC6 (PubMed:26030138). Interacts with PLSCR1 (PubMed:17567603). Interacts with GCNA; this interaction allows the resolution of topoisomerase II (TOP2A) DNA-protein cross-links (By similarity).

    Molecular function

    DNA-binding, Isomerase, Topoisomerase

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