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AR

The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract from the normal 9-34 repeats to the pathogenic 38-62 repeats causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, also known as Kennedy's disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]
Protein class

Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, FDA approved drug targets, Human disease related genes, Nuclear receptors, Plasma proteins, Transcription factors

Predicted location

Intracellular

Single cell type specificity

Cell type enhanced (Hepatocytes, Granulosa cells, Breast glandular cells, Peritubular cells, Leydig cells, Skeletal myocytes)

Immune cell specificity

Not detected in immune cells

Cell line specificity

Cell line enhanced (AF22, BJ hTERT+, HAP1, LHCN-M2, RH-30, T-47d)

Interaction

Binds DNA as a homodimer. Part of a ternary complex containing AR, EFCAB6/DJBP and PARK7. Interacts with HIPK3 and NR0B2 in the presence of androgen. The ligand binding domain interacts with KAT7/HBO1 in the presence of dihydrotestosterone. Interacts with EFCAB6/DJBP, PQBP1, RANBP9, RBAK, SPDEF, SRA1, TGFB1I1 and RREB1. Interacts with ZMIZ1/ZIMP10 and ZMIZ2/ZMIP7 which both enhance its transactivation activity. Interacts with SLC30A9 and RAD54L2/ARIP4. Interacts with MACROD1 (via macro domain) (PubMed:19022849). Interacts via the ligand-binding domain with LXXLL and FXXLF motifs from NCOA1, NCOA2, NCOA3, NCOA4 and MAGEA11. The AR N-terminal poly-Gln region binds Ran resulting in enhancement of AR-mediated transactivation. Ran-binding decreases as the poly-Gln length increases. Interacts with HIP1 (via coiled coil domain). Interacts (via ligand-binding domain) with TRIM68. Interacts with TNK2. Interacts with USP26. Interacts with RNF6. Interacts (regulated by RNF6 probably through polyubiquitination) with RNF14; regulates AR transcriptional activity. Interacts with PRMT2 and TRIM24. Interacts with RACK1. Interacts with RANBP10; this interaction enhances dihydrotestosterone-induced AR transcriptional activity. Interacts with PRPF6 in a hormone-independent way; this interaction enhances dihydrotestosterone-induced AR transcriptional activity. Interacts with STK4/MST1. Interacts with ZIPK/DAPK3. Interacts with LPXN. Interacts with MAK. Part of a complex containing AR, MAK and NCOA3. Interacts with CRY1. Interacts with CCAR1 and GATA2. Interacts with ZNF318 (By similarity). Interacts with BUD31 (PubMed:25091737). Interacts with ARID4A (PubMed:23487765). Interacts with ARID4B (By similarity). Interacts (via NR LBD domain) with ZBTB7A; the interaction is direct and androgen-dependent (PubMed:20812024). Interacts with NCOR1 (PubMed:20812024). Interacts with NCOR2 (PubMed:20812024). Interacts with CRY2 in a ligand-dependent manner (By similarity).

Molecular function

Activator, DNA-binding, Receptor

More Types Infomation

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