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MICB

This gene encodes a heavily glycosylated protein which is a ligand for the NKG2D type II receptor. Binding of the ligand activates the cytolytic response of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8 alphabeta T cells, and gammadelta T cells which express the receptor. This protein is stress-induced and is similar to MHC class I molecules; however, it does not associate with beta-2-microglobulin or bind peptides. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Protein class

Disease related genes

Predicted location

Membrane

Single cell type specificity

Cell type enhanced (Kupffer cells, monocytes, T-cells, Hofbauer cells, Erythroid cells, dendritic cells)

Immune cell specificity

Low immune cell specificity

Cell line specificity

Cell line enhanced (U-266/70, U-266/84)

Interaction

Unlike classical MHC class I molecules, does not form a heterodimer with beta-2-microglobulin. Binds as a monomer to a KLRK1/NKG2D homodimer. KLRK1 forms a complex with HCST/DAP10 in which KLRK1 binds MICB while HCST acts as an adapter molecule which enables signal transduction. Receptor-ligand interaction induces clustering of both proteins in ordered structures called immune synapses and also leads to their intercellular transfer. This is associated with a reduction in the cytotoxicity of KLRK1-expressing cells. (Microbial infection) Interacts with human cytomegalovirus/HHV-5 glycoprotein UL16; this interaction causes sequestration of MICB in the endoplasmic reticulum and increases resistance to KLRK1-mediated cytotoxicity.

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