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TLR3

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It recognizes dsRNA associated with viral infection, and induces the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of type I interferons. It may thus play a role in host defense against viruses. Use of alternative polyadenylation sites to generate different length transcripts has been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Protein class

CD markers, Disease related genes

Predicted location

Intracellular, Membrane (different isoforms)

Single cell type specificity

Cell type enhanced (Early spermatids, Distal enterocytes)

Immune cell specificity

Immune cell enhanced (memory CD8 T-cell, gdT-cell)

Cell line specificity

Cell line enhanced (ASC diff, ASC TERT1, BJ hTERT+ SV40 Large T+ RasG12V, CAPAN-2, HDLM-2, HSkMC)

Interaction

Monomer and homodimer; dimerization is triggered by ligand-binding, the signaling unit is composed of one ds-RNA of around 40 bp and two TLR3 molecules, and lateral clustering of signaling units along the length of the ds-RNA ligand is required for TLR3 signal transduction. Interacts (via transmembrane domain) with UNC93B1; the interaction is required for transport from the ER to the endosomes (PubMed:33432245). Interacts with SRC; upon binding of double-stranded RNA. Interacts with TICAM1 (via the TIR domain) in response to poly(I:C) and this interaction is enhanced in the presence of WDFY1 (PubMed:25736436). The tyrosine-phosphorylated form (via TIR domain) interacts with WDFY1 (via WD repeat 2) in response to poly(I:C) (PubMed:25736436).

Molecular function

Receptor, RNA-binding

More Types Infomation
    • Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Avian, Bovine, Chicken, Opossum, Primate
    • Application: WB, FACS, IHC-P

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