ITGB3 Phosphorylation

ITGB3, the gene encoding Integrin β3 (also known as CD61 or GPIIIa), is a crucial transmembrane adhesion receptor that plays vital roles in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Integrins are heterodimeric proteins composed of an α and a β subunit. Integrin β3 partners predominantly with αIIb​ to form the αIIb​β3​ integrin (found on platelets, essential for thrombosis and hemostasis) and with αV​ to form the αV​β3​ integrin (found on various cell types including endothelial cells, involved in angiogenesis, cell migration, and tumor progression). The cytoplasmic tail of the β subunit is critical for transmitting signals from the extracellular environment into the cell (outside-in signaling) and for regulating the affinity of the integrin for its ligands (inside-out signaling). Tyrosine phosphorylation of the ITGB3 cytoplasmic tail is a key regulatory mechanism for both of these processes.