KIF4A

The kinesin superfamily proteins (Kinesins, KIFs) are microtubule-based molecular motor proteins that can be oriented along microtubules. KIFs family proteins play an important role in intracellular transport. It is also a substance necessary for cells to undergo mitosis and maintain cell morphology. The chromosomal kinesin KIF4A belongs to the Kinesin4 family and is a multifunctional kinesin molecule. KIF4A is localized in the nucleus during the cell cycle. During mitosis, KIF4A always binds to the chromosome arm and is separated by the separation of sister chromosomes, participating in the regulation of the assembly of the assembled chromosomes of the spindle and the condensed cytoplasmic division process. KIF4A is also involved in the activation of immune cells, regulation of cytoskeletal microtubule dynamic instability, intracellular macromolecular transport, and DNA damage response.
The human KIF4A gene is located on chromosome Xq13. 1, a full length of about 150 kb, and its encoded protein consist of 1232 amino acids. KIF4A protein is highly expressed in the liver, spleen, thymus and adult thymus and bone marrow; it is expressed in the adult heart, small intestine, colon, kidney and lung; it is low in other tissues such as the brain. The structure of the KIF4A protein is as follows: the N-terminus is a highly conserved ATPase binding region containing 340 amino acids, which binds to microtubules and utilizes the energy released by ATP hydrolysis to provide power for transport of material and microtubule movement. The a-helical coiled structure can be bound to a specific part of the chromosome by a nuclear localization signal; the C-terminus is a cysteine-rich globular structure with substance transport. The middle stem-like structure and the C-terminus are race specific. Studies have shown that KIF4A is mainly located in the nucleus, and its localization and function in the nucleus changes with the change of the cell cycle. In the mitotic phase, KIF4A is located in the nuclear matrix and has the function of vesicle transport and regulation of chromosome recombination factors (such as PRC1, BRCA2/Rad51, etc.); KIF4A is not only a basic cellular activity molecule but also plays a spindle in cell mitosis. The central body assembles the function of chromosome concentration and separation of cytokinesis and is also involved in the transport of DNA damage repairing immune cell active viral proteins in cells and the survival of brain neuronal cells during development.