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PLA

Polylactide (PLA) or polylactic acid is a biodegradable and bioactive thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable resources, such as corn starch (in the United States and Canada), cassava roots, chips or starch (mostly in Asia), or sugarcane (in the rest of the world). Producers have several industrial routes to usable PLA. Two main monomers are used: lactic acid, and the cyclic di-ester, lactide. The most common route to PLA is the ring-opening polymerization of lactide with various metal catalysts (typically tin octoate) in solution, in the melt, or as a suspension. Another route to PLA is the direct condensation of lactic acid monomers. This process needs to be carried out at less than 200°C. Above that temperature, the entropically favored lactide monomer is generated. PLA is used as a feedstock material in desktop fused filament fabrication 3D printers. Being able to degrade into innocuous lactic acid, PLA is used as medical implants in the form of anchors, screws, plates, pins, rods, and as a mesh.
PLA

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