APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in synapses of neurons. Its main function is not yet known, although it has been considered synapse formation, neuroplasticity, and iron export regulators. APP is best known for its proteolytic production of precursors of amyloid beta (Aβ), a polypeptide containing 37 to 49 amino acid residues in the form of amyloid fibrils that are Alzheimer's disease. The main component of amyloid plaques found in the patient's brain. Mutations in key regions of the amyloid precursor protein lead to susceptibility of the family to Alzheimer's disease. For example, several mutations outside the Aβ region associated with familial Alzheimer's disease were found to significantly increase Aβ production. The most effective role of APP is synapse formation and repair, and its expression is up-regulated after neuronal differentiation and nerve injury. The molecules synthesized in the body of nerve cells must be transmitted outward to the distal synapse. This is accomplished by rapid forward transportation. It has been found that APP can regulate the interaction between cargo and kinesins to facilitate this transport. In addition, it has been shown that the interaction between APP and kinesin is specific for the peptide sequence of APP. Bapineuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that acts on the nervous system and may have potential therapeutic value for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma.
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