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    HLA-DRA

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    For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.


    Background

    HLA-DRA is one of the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta chain, both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, and exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. DRA does not have polymorphisms in the peptide binding part and acts as the sole alpha chain for DRB1, DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5.
    Protein class

    Plasma proteins

    Predicted location

    Membrane

    Single cell type specificity

    Cell type enhanced (Langerhans cells, monocytes, Macrophages, B-cells, Kupffer cells, Proximal enterocytes)

    Immune cell specificity

    Group enriched (naive B-cell, intermediate monocyte, memory B-cell, non-classical monocyte, plasmacytoid DC, classical monocyte)

    Cell line specificity

    Cell line enhanced (Daudi, HDLM-2, REH, U-266/70, U-698, U-87 MG)

    Interaction

    Heterotrimer that consists of an alpha chain HLA-DRA, a beta chain HLA-DRB and a peptide (peptide-MHCII) (PubMed:7477400, PubMed:9354468, PubMed:9782128, PubMed:31619516, PubMed:32668259, PubMed:11080454, PubMed:11163233, PubMed:12244309, PubMed:16079912, PubMed:17583734, PubMed:18697946). Newly synthesized alpha and beta chains forms a heterodimer (MHCII) that associates with the CD74/invariant chain (Ii) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ii is a trimer composed of three subunits and each subunit interacts with one MHCII dimer, blocking the peptide-binding cleft (PubMed:7479981). As a result, MHCII molecules cannot bind peptides present in the ER (PubMed:7479981). The complex of MHCII and CD74/Ii is transported in vesicles from ER to Golgi to lysosomes, where it encounters antigenic peptides generated via proteolysis of endocytosed antigens. MHCII dimers are dissociated from CD74/Ii by the combined action of proteolysis and HLA-DM (PubMed:25413013, PubMed:23260142, PubMed:21115828). Lysosomal enzymes such as cathepsin, degrade CD74/Ii leaving a 24 amino acid remnant called class II-associated Ii or CLIP. Interacts (via the peptide binding cleft) with CLIP; this interaction inhibits antigen peptide binding before entry in the endosomal compartment (PubMed:9075930, PubMed:7477400). The displacement of CLIP and replacement by a high affinity peptide in lysosomes is performed by HLA-DM heterodimer. HLA-DM catalyzes CLIP dissociation from MHCII, stabilizes empty MHCII and mediates the selection of high affinity peptides (PubMed:23260142, PubMed:11070170, PubMed:9075930). Interacts with HLA-DM heterodimer; this interaction is direct (PubMed:25413013). Interacts (via alpha-1 domain) with TCR (via CDRs) (PubMed:17334368, PubMed:29884618). Interacts (via alpha-2 domain) with CD4 (via Ig-like V-type domain); this interaction increases the affinity of TCR for peptide-MHCII (PubMed:27114505). (Microbial infection) Interacts with Epstein-Barr virus BZLF2/gp42. (Microbial infection) Interacts with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A/entA, enterotoxin B/entB, enterotoxin C1/entC1, enterotoxin D/entD, and enterotoxin H/entH.

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