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Streptococcus agalactiae

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Background

Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains. It is a beta- hemolytic, catalase-negative, and facultative anaerobe. In general, GBS is a harmless commensal bacterium being part of the human microbiota colonizing the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract of up to 30% of healthy human adults (asymptomatic carriers). Nevertheless, GBS can cause severe invasive infections. Streptococcus agalactiae is the species designation for streptococci belonging to group B of the Lancefield classification. GBS is surrounded by a bacterial capsule composed of polysaccharides (exopolysacharide). As other virulent bacteria, GBS harbors an important number of virulence factors (virulence factors are molecules produced by bacteria that boosts their capacity to infect and damage human tissues), the most important being the capsular polysaccharide (rich in sialic acid ) and a pore-forming toxin, β-hemolysin. Today it is considered that GBS pigment and hemolysin are identical or closely related molecules.
Streptococcus agalactiae
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