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Bacillus anthracis spores

B. anthracis is a Gram-positive bacterium. In response to starvation, Bacillus anthracis can form a specialized cell type called the spore, which is the infectious particle for the disease anthrax. The spore is largely metabolically inactive and can resist a wide range of stresses found in nature. In spite of its dormancy, the spore can sense the presence of nutrients and rapidly return to vegetative growth. These properties help the spore to persist for a long period of time in the environment, to survive host defenses after entering the body, and to cause diseases when the correct location in the host is reached. The anatomy of the spore is unique among bacteria. The spore consists of a series of specialized concentric shells, each of which provides specific critical functions. Surrounding the spore core (which houses the chromosome) is a peptidoglycan layer important for spore dormancy, a protein shell that resists a variety of toxic molecules, and finally an exterior protein and glycoprotein layer that, among other functions, mediates interactions with surfaces, including those encountered by the spore within the host.
Bacillus anthracis spores

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