Polyprotein

The DENV E (envelope) protein, found on the viral surface, is important in the initial attachment of the viral particle to the host cell. Dengue virus is transmitted by a mosquito known as Aedes. Several molecules which interact with the viral E protein (ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin, CD209, Rab 5, GRP 78, and the mannose receptor) have been shown to be important factors mediating attachment and viral entry.

Polyproteins are chains of covalently conjoined smaller proteins that occur in nature as versatile means to organize the proteome of viruses including HIV.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. Hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer (Hepatocellular carcinoma, abbreviated HCC) and lymphomas in humans.

Potato virus Y (PVY) is the type species of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae with a positive sense single-strand RNA genome of about 10 kb. The nuclear inclusion a protein (NIa) is the protease responsible for the processing of at least six cleavage sites in the C-terminal part of the polyprotein.