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    For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.


    Background

    HIV-1 is the most common and pathogenic strain of the virus. Scientists divide HIV-1 into a major group (Group M) and two or more minor groups, namely Group N, O and possibly a group P. Each group is believed to represent an independent transmission of SIV into humans (but subtypes within a group are not). A total of 39 ORFs are found in all six possible reading frames (RFs) of HIV-1 complete genome sequence, but only a few of them are functional.
    Capsid protein p24: Forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Host restriction factors such as monkey TRIM5-alpha or TRIMCyp bind retroviral capsids and cause premature capsid disassembly, leading to blocks in reverse transcription. Capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species. Host PIN1 apparently facilitates the virion uncoating (By similarity). On the other hand, interactions with PDZD8 or CYPA stabilize the capsid (PubMed:24554657).
    Gag-Pol polyprotein is a precursor protein encoded by retroviruses (e.g., HIV) that is translated as a fusion protein due to ribosomal frameshifting. It contains both the Gag structural proteins and the Pol enzymes (reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase). Cleavage of Gag-Pol yields the functional viral enzymes essential for the viral life cycle.
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