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HLA-A

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Anti-HLA-A Recombinant Antibody Products

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For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.


HLA-A (Human Leukocyte Antigen A) is a gene that encodes a major component of the MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) class I molecules. These molecules are critical for the immune system to distinguish self from non-self. Specifically, HLA-A molecules present endogenous peptides, such as those derived from viral infections or cancer cells, to cytotoxic T cells. This presentation helps the immune system recognize and attack infected or malignant cells. The variability in HLA-A alleles plays a significant role in determining susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases, and the outcome of organ transplants. Polymorphisms in this gene are often linked to diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis and various viral infections like HIV.
Protein class

Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Potential drug targets, Transporters

Predicted location

Intracellular, Membrane (different isoforms)

Single cell type specificity

Cell type enhanced (Proximal enterocytes, Ductal cells)

Immune cell specificity

Low immune cell specificity

Cell line specificity

Cell line enhanced (A-431, fHDF/TERT166, HBEC3-KT, RPMI-8226, U-266/70)

Interaction

Heterotrimer that consists of an alpha chain HLA-A, a beta chain B2M and a peptide (peptide-HLA-A-B2M) (PubMed:7504010, 7679507, 21943705, 19177349, 24395804, 26758806, 7504010, 7506728, 8805302, 7694806, 7935798, 9177355, 18275829, 22245737, 28250417, 11502003, 8906788, 19542454). Early in biogenesis, HLA-A-B2M dimer interacts with the components of the peptide-loading complex composed of TAPBP, TAP1-TAP2, TAPBPL, PDIA3/ERP57 and CALR (PubMed:21263072). Interacts with TAP1-TAP2 transporter via TAPBP; this interaction is obligatory for the loading of peptide epitopes delivered to the ER by TAP1-TAP2 transporter (PubMed:8805302, 8630735, 21263072). Interacts with TAPBPL; TAPBPL binds peptide-free HLA-A-B2M complexes or those loaded with low affinity peptides, likely facilitating peptide exchange for higher affinity peptides (PubMed:26869717). Only optimally assembled peptide-HLA-B2M trimer translocates to the surface of antigen-presenting cells, where it interacts with TCR and CD8 coreceptor on the surface of T cells. HLA-A (via polymorphic alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains) interacts with antigen-specific TCR (via CDR3 domains) (PubMed:22245737, 12796775, 18275829). One HLA-A molecule (mainly via nonpolymorphic alpha-3 domain) interacts with one CD8A homodimer (via CDR-like loop); this interaction insures peptide-HLA-A-B2M recognition by CD8-positive T cells only (PubMed:9177355, 2784196). Alleles A*23:01; A*24:02 and A*32:01 interact (via Bw4 motif) with KIR3DL1 on NK cells; this interaction is direct. (Microbial infection) Interacts with HHV-8 MIR1 protein. (Microbial infection) Interacts with HTLV-1 accessory protein p12I.

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