PE family protein

Induces TNF-alpha release through human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway, leading to macrophage apoptosis (PubMed:17095513, PubMed:17223373, PubMed:24106104). The signaling pathway involves TLR2-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (ASK1), which activates the p38 and JNK MAPKs, leading to enhanced expression of TNF-alpha and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRI) genes. Signals are amplified through classical caspase 8-dependent mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, leading to the activation of caspases 9 and 3 . Mediates Ca2+-dependent up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Mediates entry into macrophages in a TLR2-dependent mechanism and activates the TLR2-dependent pro-adhesive pathway.