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SMAD1

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For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.


Background

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signals of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are involved in a range of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, morphogenesis, development and immune responses. In response to BMP ligands, this protein can be phosphorylated and activated by the BMP receptor kinase. The phosphorylated form of this protein forms a complex with SMAD4, which is important for its function in the transcription regulation. This protein is a target for SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as SMURF1 and SMURF2, and undergoes ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Protein class

Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Transcription factors

Predicted location

Intracellular

Single cell type specificity

Cell type enhanced (Early spermatids, Late spermatids, Endothelial cells)

Immune cell specificity

Immune cell enhanced (basophil, non-classical monocyte)

Cell line specificity

Cell line enhanced (HUVEC TERT2)

Interaction

Found in a complex with SMAD4 and YY1. Interacts with HGS, NANOG and ZCCHC12 (By similarity). Upon C-terminus phosphorylation: forms trimers with another SMAD1 and the co-SMAD SMAD4. Interacts with PEBP2-alpha subunit, CREB-binding protein (CBP), p300, SMURF1, SMURF2, USP15 and HOXC8. Associates with ZNF423 or ZNF521 in response to BMP2 leading to activate transcription of BMP target genes. Interacts with SKOR1. Interacts (via MH2 domain) with LEMD3. Binding to LEMD3 results in at least a partial reduction of receptor-mediated phosphorylation. Forms a ternary complex with PSMB4 and OAZ1 before PSMB4 is incorporated into the 20S proteasome. Found in a macromolecular complex with FAM83G. Interacts (via MH2 domain) with FAM83G (via MH2 domain); in a SMAD4-independent manner. Interacts with ZC3H3 (By similarity). Interacts with TMEM119 (By similarity). Interacts (via MH1 and MH2 domains) with ZNF8 (By similarity). Interacts with RANBP3L; the interaction increases when SMAD1 is not phosphorylated and mediates SMAD1 nuclear export (PubMed:25755279).

Molecular function

DNA-binding

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