EGFR is a transmembrane protein that is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF family) of extracellular protein ligands. EGFR is a member of the ErbB receptor family, which includes EGFR (ErbB-1), HER2 / neu (ErbB-2), Her3 (ErbB-3) and Her4 (ErbB-4). EGFR is also known as HER1 or ErbB1, and mutations or overexpression usually trigger tumors. EGFR is widely distributed on the surface of mammalian epithelial cells, fibroblasts, glial cells, and keratinocytes. EGFR signaling pathway plays an important role in physiological processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. In many cancer types, mutations that affect EGFR expression or activity may cause cancer. Signal defects in EGFR and other receptor tyrosine kinases in the human body are associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and overexpression is associated with the development of multiple tumors. Blocking EGFR signaling by blocking EGFR binding sites on the extracellular domain of receptors or by inhibiting intracellular tyrosine kinase activity can prevent EGFR-expressing tumor growth and improve patient status. Cetuximab is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, and head and neck cancer. Cetuximab is a chimeric (mouse/human) monoclonal antibody administered by intravenous infusion. In July 2009, the FDA approved cetuximab (Erbitux) for the treatment of colon cancer and wild-type KRAS because it responds to colorectal tumors that contain the KRAS mutation (this also applies to the EGFR antibody panitumumab). No effect.
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