Recombinant monoclonal antibody to integrin alpha 4 beta 7. Etrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Figure 1 β7 integrin translocates from the cell surface to the inside of the cell upon in vitro treatment of lymphocytes with etrolizumab-s.
(A) Upper panels: Flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and control donors (CON) treated with etrolizumab-s for 24 h at 4 and 37°C. Left: Representative flow cytometry. The frequency of 9D8+ staining on CD4+ T cells is indicated. Right: Quantitative flow cytometry showing surface expression of 9D8 at 37°C relative to expression at 4°C (n = 5 per group). Lower panels: Representative (left) and quantitative flow cytometry (right) of cells cultured at 4 and 37°C without etrolizumab-s treatment. (B) Flow cytometry of PBMCs from CD, UC, and CON donors treated with AF-647-labeled etrolizumab-s. Left: Representative flow cytometry. The frequency of etrolizumab-s+9D8- cells among CD4+ T cells is indicated. Right: Quantitative flow cytometry showing the proportion of these cells at 4°C in relation to 37°C (n = 5 per group). (C) Quantitative flow cytometry of PBMCs treated with AF647-labeled etrolizumab-s at 4 or 37°C and subsequently subjected to acid wash (left) or not (right). n = 5 per group; data are normalized to expression at 37°C. ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ns – not significant.
Lichnog, C., Klabunde, S., Becker, E., Fuh, F., Tripal, P., Atreya, R.,... & Chung, S. (2019). Cellular mechanisms of etrolizumab treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 39.
Figure 2 β7 integrin is internalized by treatment of lymphocytes with etrolizumab(-s).
(A) Left: Representative images showing localization of the fluorescence signal of AF647-labeled etrolizumab-s after treatment of cells from CD, UC, and CON donors at 4 or 37°C for 24 h. Scale bar: 3 μm. Right: Quantification of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of AF647 signal in the cytosol relative to the membrane at 4 and 37°C; n = 5 per group. ∗∗∗p < 0.001. (B) Assessment of etrolizumab internalization with ImageStream®. Representative flow cytometry and microscopy results after cell incubation with AF488-labeled etrolizumab at 4°C (upper row) or 37°C (lower row) and without (left panels) or with (right panels) quench procedure. BF, bright field. Data are representative for two independent experiments with a total of eight samples. (C) Representative images showing localization of AF647 fluorescence signal of etrolizumab-s and AF488 fluorescence signal of EEA (left) and LAMP-1 (right) after cell treatment with etrolizumab-s at 4 or 37°C for 24 h. Scale bar = 3 μm. Images are representative for three independent experiments.
Lichnog, C., Klabunde, S., Becker, E., Fuh, F., Tripal, P., Atreya, R.,... & Chung, S. (2019). Cellular mechanisms of etrolizumab treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 39.
Figure 3 Assessment of etrolizumab-s internalization by STED microscopy.
(A) Representative STED microscopy images showing localization and distribution of β7 integrin on the surface of cells from CD, UC, and CON donors. Additionally, a negative control (NEG) without primary antibody staining is shown. Images are representative for seven independent experiments. (B) Representative images showing etrolizumab-s localization on/in cells incubated with etrolizumab-s at 4°C or cells incubated with etrolizumab-s at 37°C and additionally treated with or without Triton-X. Additionally, a negative control without primary antibody staining is shown. Images are representative for five independent experiments.
Lichnog, C., Klabunde, S., Becker, E., Fuh, F., Tripal, P., Atreya, R.,... & Chung, S. (2019). Cellular mechanisms of etrolizumab treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 39.
Figure 4 β7 internalization minimizes α4β7 expression on the cell surface.
(A) Representative flow cytometry plot showing expression of α4β7 integrin after treatment with etrolizumab at 4 and 37°C. Percentages indicate α4+β7+ and total α4+ cells. (B) Upper panels: Representative flow cytometry plots showing expression of αE integrin after treatment with etrolizumab at 4 and 37°C. Lower panel: Quantification of β7 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of β7+ cells (n = 5). ∗∗p < 0.01.
Lichnog, C., Klabunde, S., Becker, E., Fuh, F., Tripal, P., Atreya, R.,... & Chung, S. (2019). Cellular mechanisms of etrolizumab treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 39.
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Afuco™ Anti-ITGA4 ADCC Recombinant Antibody, ADCC Enhanced (AFC-TAB-135)This product is an ADCC enhanced antibody produced by our Afuco™ platform. Recombinant monoclonal antibody to integrin alpha 4 beta 7. It is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
DrugMonitor™ Anti-Etrolizumab Antibody (VS-1224-YC456)Etrolizumab is a humanized IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody targeting the β7 subunit of gastrointestinal α4β7 and αEβ7 integrins, under investigation for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease treatment. The DrugMonitor™ Anti-Etrolizumab Antibody (VS-1224-YC456) is an anti-drug antibody (ADA) against Etrolizumab. This drug-based antibody is raised in mice immunized with the Etrolizumab. The anti-Etrolizumab antibody may be used in ELISA, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) analyses, or serves as a reference standard in ADA assays. It also is an excellent tool for therapeutic drug monitoring, allowing to evaluate the drug efficacy and determine the drug concentration of the Etrolizumab in samples.
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(Creative Biolabs Cat# TAB-135, RRID: AB_3111830)
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