Polatuzumab Vedotin Overview

Introduction of Polatuzumab vedotin

Polatuzumab vedotin is an active ingredient of Polivy, a drug product for the treatment of previously treated adult patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in combination with bendamustine and rituximab. Polatuzumab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain (CD79b) and a microtubule-disrupting toxin, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). This drug was developed by Genentech/Roche using a proprietary technology developed by Seattle Genetics. In 2018, orphan designation was granted for polatuzumab vedotin for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by the European Commission to Roche Registration Limited. Based on the effective therapeutic effect of polatuzumab vedotin on DLBCL, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to polatuzumab vedotin, in combination with bendamustine plus rituximab on 10 June 2019. Subsequently, the European Medicines Health and Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australian Drug Regulatory Administration also approved Polivy's sales authorization from Genentech. Besides DLBCL, polatuzumab vedotin also has been investigated in the treatment of non-hodgkins lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, follicular lymphoma. Some of the trials were complicated, and there are six clinical trials still undergoing now. For example, there is a phase Ib/II study investigating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of mosunetuzumab (BTCT4465A) in combination with chop or chp-polatuzumab vedotin in participants with b-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma. Furthermore, a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of polatuzumab vedotin in combination with rituximab, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin compared to rituximab, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin alone in participants with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is recruiting. The recent events of polatuzumab vedotin is that Chugai Pharmaceutical, another developer, adverse events data from a phase ii (jo40762/p-drive) trial diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and announces intention to submit NDA to Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Japan on February 2020. At the same period, a phase-II clinical trials in diffuse large B cell lymphoma is undergoing in United Kingdom (IV).

Mechanism of Action of Polatuzumab vedotin

The therapeutic target molecule CD79b is a transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of B-cells as part of the B-cell antigen receptor complex. CD79b plays a critical in expression and function of the B-cell antigen receptor together by forming a disulfide-linked heterodimeric complex with Ig-alpha. In addition, CD79b is expressed on the surface of almost all types of malignant B-cells. Thus, targeting CD79b therapy for B-cell diseases has become a new strategy. Polatuzumab vedotin is a first in class antibody-drug conjugate targeting CD79b in combination with bendamustine plus rituximab for the treatment of DLBCL. Studies have shown that polatuzumab vedotin effectively and selectively kill cells expressing CD79b in some in vitro models. Polatuzumab vedotin contains anti-CD79b monoclonal antibody produced by mammalian cells and a chemical synthesis molecule MMAE, and a cleave-able citrulline-valine (VC) linker. The drug-to-antibody ration of polatuzumab vedotin is 3.5. The mechanism of polatuzumab vedotin is just like other ADC. Upon administration, polatuzumab vedotin selectively binds to B-cell surface antigen CD79b, promoting the internalization. Once inside the cell, proteolytic cleavage makes the MMAE release and then bind to microtubules, leading to a G2/M phase arrest and tumor cell apoptosis.

Fig.1 Mechanism of Action of Polatuzumab vedotin

Table 1. Clinical Projects of Polatuzumab vedotin*

Table 2. Approved Drugs of Polatuzumab vedotin**

INN (trade name)

Therapeutic area

Dose

Strength

Route

Company

Marketing start

Market

Polivy	Relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	Powder for injection	140 mg/vial	Injection	Genentech, Inc	June 10, 2019
Polivy	Relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	Powder for injection	140 mg/vial	Infusion	Roche Registration GmbH	January 16,2020
Polivy	Relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	Powder for injection	140 mg/vial	Intravenous infusion	Roche Products Pty Ltd	October 18, 2019

What We Provide

Therapeutic Antibody

Polatuzumab

We provide high-quality Polatuzumab (IgG1κ type) for use in Neut, ELISA, IF, IP, FuncS, FC, ICC and most other immunological methods. For lab research use only, not for diagnostic, therapeutic or any in vivo human use.

References
* The table was excerpted from the following website
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=Polatuzumab+vedotin
** Information presented in the table were collected from the following website:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=%20761121
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/polivy
http://search.tga.gov.au/s/search.html?collection=tga-artg&profile=record&meta_i=314866

For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.